Hubungan tingkat pengetahuan tentang anemia dan asupan zat besi dengan kejadian anemia pada siswi SMA

Indriani Aprilia Sari (Universitas Mitra Indonesia)
Adhi Nurhantanto (Universitas Mitra Indonesia)
Ai Kustiani (Universitas Mitra Indonesia)
DOI: 10.56922/chi.v3i5.12 Published: 2026-10-25 pp. 465-471
Full-Text Downloads:
Access and read the complete peer-reviewed article

Background: Anemia among adolescent girls remains a significant public health concern in Indonesia. Iron deficiency is a major contributing factor, while limited knowledge of anemia prevention and management may further increase the risk. In 2025, the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia among adolescent girls in Rebang Tangkas Sub-district, Way Kanan Regency, reached 25.35%.

Purpose: To determine the associations between knowledge of anemia, iron-rich food consumption patterns, and anemia status among female students at SMA Negeri 1 Rebang Tangkas, Way Kanan Regency.

Method: This quantitative analytical study employed a cross-sectional design. The study population comprised 131 female students in grades X and XI, aged 16–17 years. A sample of 63 students was selected using purposive sampling, with the sample size calculated using the Slovin formula. Knowledge of anemia was assessed using a validated questionnaire, iron-rich food consumption patterns were evaluated using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), and hemoglobin (Hb) levels were measured using an EasyTouch GCHb device to determine anemia status. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test.

Results: Most participants had inadequate knowledge of anemia (45; 71.4%), inadequate iron-rich food consumption patterns (51; 81.0%), and anemia (38; 60.3%). Chi-square analysis showed significant associations between knowledge of anemia and anemia status (p = 0.017) and between iron-rich food consumption patterns and anemia status (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Knowledge of anemia and iron-rich food consumption patterns were significantly associated with anemia status among female students at SMA Negeri 1 Rebang Tangkas. Strengthening targeted health education and promoting adequate consumption of iron-rich foods may support anemia prevention among adolescent girls.

  1. Andriani, L., Savitri, W., & Baska, D. Y. (2024). Remaja Sehat dan Cerdas Bebas Anemia. Penerbit NEM.
  2. Astuti, E. R. (2023). Literature review: Faktor-faktor penyebab anemia pada remaja putri. Jambura Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 5(2), 550–561. https://doi.org/10.35971/jjhsr.v5i2.17341
  3. Ayuningtyas, I. N., Tsani, A. F. A., Candra, A., & Dieny, F. F. (2022). Analisis asupan zat besi heme dan non heme, vitamin B12 dan folat serta asupan enhancer dan inhibitor zat besi berdasarkan status anemia pada santriwati. Journal of Nutrition College, 11(2), 171–181. https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v11i2.32197
  4. Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan. (2024). Laporan tematik Survei Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2023: Potret kesehatan Indonesia. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/ski-2023-dalam-angka/
  5. Ervita, L., Litaqia, W., Harmita, D., Saleh Baso, Y., & Hanafi, H. (2026). When knowledge is not enough: The role of attitude in anemia preventive behavior among adolescents. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 15(1), 211–219. https://doi.org/10.35816/jiksh.v15i1.238
  6. Fauziyah, A., & Putri, H. P. (2023). Iron intake and iron inhibitor and enhancer intake with the incidence of anemia among adolescent girls. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan (JIKA), 5(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.36590/jika.v4i3.484
  7. Husna, H., & Saputri, N. (2022). Penyuluhan mengenai tentang tanda bahaya anemia pada remaja putri. Jurnal Altifani: Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 2(1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.25008/altifani.v2i1.197
  8. Ilmawari, I., Sinaga, R. A., Putri, R. A., Nurfadilla, N., Muyassarah, Z. R., & Wisnuwardani, R. W. (2025). Peningkatan pengetahuan mengenai anemia melalui penyuluhan pencegahan anemia pada siswa SMPN 22 Samarinda. Bima Abdi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 5(2), 367–377. https://doi.org/10.53299/bajpm.v5i2.1722
  9. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2023). Tentang Gerakan Aksi Bergizi. Ayo Sehat. https://ayosehat.kemkes.go.id/deskripsi-kampanye/gerakan-aksi-bergizi/tentang
  10. Khobibah, K., Nurhidayati, T., Ruspita, M., & Astyandini, B. (2021). Anemia remaja dan kesehatan reproduksi. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Kebidanan, 3(2), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.26714/jpmk.v3i2.7855
  11. Khoirunnisa, N., Nurhartanto, A., & Astuti, D. W. (2025). The relationship between iron-rich food consumption and iron supplement adherence with the incidence of anemia among adolescent. Genius Journal, 7(1), 165–173. https://doi.org/10.56359/gj.v7i1.785
  12. Koidah, K., Masrikhiyah, R., & Ratnasari, D. (2025). Hubungan tingkat pengetahuan anemia dan kecukupan asupan zat besi (Fe) dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri di SMP N 2 Losari. Jurnal Ilmiah Gizi Kesehatan (JIGK), 7(1), 42–47. https://doi.org/10.46772/jigk.v7i01.1794
  13. Mahardika, P., Casman, C., Dewi, S. U., Agustina, A. N., & Pangaribuan, S. M. (2022). Gambaran kadar hemoglobin dan menstruasi remaja putri, upaya deteksi dini anemia. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Dharmas Indonesia, 2(2), 49–53. https://doi.org/10.56667/jikdi.v2i2.791
  14. Nurohmi, S., Pibriyanti, K., & Sari, D. D. (2021). Efektivitas suplementasi zat besi dan vitamin C untuk memperbaiki status anemia santri. Media Gizi Mikro Indonesia, 12(2), 93–106. https://doi.org/10.22435/mgmi.v12i2.3856
  15. Putri, T. F., & Fauzia, F. R. (2022). Hubungan konsumsi sumber zat besi dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri SMP dan SMA di wilayah Bantul. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kebidanan, 13(2), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.26751/jikk.v13i2.1540
  16. Safitri, D. N., Munah, F., & Widya, W. (2025). Hubungan tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri tentang anemia dengan kejadian anemia di SMA Plus Ibnu Sina Pamijahan Kabupaten Bogor. Midwifery Innovation Journal, 1(1), 10–18. https://journal.univummibogor.ac.id/index.php/MIJ/article/view/26
  17. Septiasari, Y., Hasyim, D. I., & Nuryadi, A. (2026). Hubungan pengetahuan dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri di SMA Negeri 1 Sumber Jaya Lampung Barat. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, 15(1), 69–76. https://doi.org/10.52657/jik.v15i1.3404
  18. Setyaningrum, Y. I., Wulandari, I., & Purwanza, S. W. (2023). Literatur review penyebab dan upaya pencegahan anemia pada remaja putri. Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases, 3(2), 84–100. https://doi.org/10.52365/jond.v3i2.858
  19. Simamora, S., Siringo-Ringo, M., & Perangin-Angin, I. H. (2024). Gambaran pola konsumsi zat besi resiko anemia pada remaja di SMA Santo Petrus Medan tahun 2024. Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, 4(5), 7847–7859. https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/download/15800/10746
  20. World Health Organization. (2025). WHO global anaemia estimates: Key findings, 2025. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/382291