Mekanisme genetik dan molekuler dalam karsinogenesis kanker serviks: Tinjauan sistematis

Lendawati Lendawati (Mahasiswa Doktoral MIPA Fakultas MIPA Universitas Lampung, Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjungkarang)
Sutyarso Sutyarso (Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Lampung)
DOI: 10.56922/chi.v3i5.4 Published: 2026-10-25 pp. 435-454
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Background: Cervical carcinogenesis involves persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV), viral oncoproteins, host-genome alterations, epigenetic regulation, and clonal evolution.

Purpose: This review synthesizes molecular-genetic evidence relevant to cervical carcinogenesis, including HPV E6/E7, recurrent host alterations, HPV integration, APOBEC-associated mutagenesis, DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, transcriptomics, and multi-omics.

Method: We audited the supplied export files from EBSCO, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using a PRISMA 2020-oriented selection record and narrative synthesis. The audit contained 435 records; 55 duplicates were removed, 380 records were screened, 335 were excluded, and 45 reports were retained for qualitative synthesis.

Results: The evidence supports E6/E7-mediated disruption of p53 and pRb in HPV-associated disease, alongside recurrent alterations in PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK, chromatin regulation, immune signaling, and RNA regulation. Molecular frequencies are cohort-specific and should not be generalized across histological or HPV-defined groups.

Conclusion: Cervical carcinogenesis is a heterogeneous, interacting molecular process. Multi-omics may improve biological stratification, but clinical implementation requires external and prospective validation.

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